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Battlefields are the final resting place for thousands of unknown soldiers, both nobles and commoners, whose lives were sacrificed in making of the history of their country. These historic assets are an intrinsic part of a nation’s identity and consciousness. They inspire strong emotions and live on in stories, poetry and music. However, the history relating to them is often hard to unravel, as there is often little to see above ground and the historical record is usually written by the victors. The UK has many historic battlefield sites, some of which have legal protection through heritage protection legislation (as scheduled monuments, listed buildings, gardens and designed landscapes, or as conservation areas) whilst others are protected through landscape legislation (such as National Parks, National Scenic Areas and areas designated for local landscape value). More recently, some archaeologists prefer the term "site of conflict" to "battlefield", because of the difficulty in defining the geographical extent of a site.〔T Sutherland and M Holst "Battlefield Archaeology – a guide to the archaeology of Conflict" BAJR 2005〕 In England, the Register of Historic Battlefields lists the sites of 43 of the most important military battles on English soil. It is maintained by English Heritage. Historic Scotland is responsible for the Inventory of Historic Battlefields.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Battlefield FAQs )〕 There are currently 17 battlefields on the Inventory. In Wales, the Welsh Ministers proposed in March 2011 that Cadw also compiles a non-statutory register of historic battlefields. The consultation period ends on 10 June 2011. There is currently no battlefield register or statutory protection for such sites in Northern Ireland.〔 ==Legislation== The legislation to protect historic battlefields is relatively recent, and arose following several key incidents involving important sites e.g. the discovery in 1997 of an unprotected mass grave of soldiers who fought at the 1461 Battle of Towton〔 and a large metal detector rally held on the battlefield of Marston Moor in 2003.〔 Battlefield sites in England are material considerations in the planning process and are designated by English Heritage〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Heritage protection for the 21st century 2007 )〕 and put onto the Register of Historic Battlefields under powers conferred under the Historic Buildings and Ancient Monuments Act, 1983 (as amended).〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Historic Buildings and Ancient Monuments Act )〕 This legislation did not confer a specific responsibility to create a register of battlefields, (only a register for historic parks and gardens), but a joint project between English Heritage, the National Army Museum and the Battlefields Trust in 1995 created the current register. In Scotland, the Inventory of historic battlefields was introduced in 2009 and is complied by Historic Scotland on behalf of the Scottish Ministers. This is done under the Historic Environment (Amendment) (Scotland) Act 2011, following on from the Scottish Historic Environment Policy (July 2009)〔(【引用サイトリンク】title= Scottish Historic Environment Policy )〕 with further guidance issued in March 2011.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Managing Change )〕 In England, submissions are considered by English Heritage’s Battlefields Panel which is a non-executive specialist panel which advises the organisation on policy and practice. Members include archaeologist Dr Glenn Foard and Major General Julian Thompson CB OBE.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Battlefields panel )〕 Even though there is no legal requirement for English Heritage to be consulted over planning applications which affect registered battlefields although they must be considered by the local planning authority. Registration of battlefields means that any proposed development on the sites and their settings a material consideration under planning legislation.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Consent For Registered Parks, Gardens & Battlefields )〕 Planning Policy Statement 5 ''Planning for the Historic Environment''〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Planning for the Historic Environment )〕 states that there should be a presumption in favour of the conservation of designated historic assets, and that local authorities should assess whether an application for development outweighs the "disbenefits". It also recognises that there are many historic assets that are not currently designated, and that despite that, they should still be a presumption in favour of conservation such that substantial harm to, or loss of, the battlefield should be "wholly exceptional".〔(【引用サイトリンク】title= Minutes of English Heritage Battlefields Panel )〕 Some sites also receive protection under separate legislation, for example the parts of the Battle of Maldon is part of the Coastal Protection Belt, a Special Landscape Area and a Site of Special Scientific Interest.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Battle of Maldon )〕 The Battle of Evesham site is subject to local plan policies which constrain development beyond its current extent.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Battle of Evesham )〕 Legislation regarding metal detecting and the Portable Antiquities Scheme also applies to historic battlefield sites across the UK. However, because there is often little to see above ground, sites are regularly threatened by new road and residential development.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title= Battlefields Trust aims )〕 The 2010 Heritage at Risk survey identifies several sites that are "at risk" including the site of the Battle of Newburn Ford which has been subject to piecemeal, peripheral development and much of the site of the Battle of Stamford Bridge lies under modern development War cemeteries are designated separately.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Registered Cemeteries )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Registered Battlefields (UK)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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